 |
VIII International Symposium |
 |
|
VIII International Symposium |
|
| Preface | xv |
| Introduction | xvii |
| Sponsorship | xxi |
| Acknowledgements | xxiii |
| Chapter 1: Opening Address, Keynote Address and Discussion |
| Opening Address: The reorganization of research and development in
New Zealand, and the evolution of biological weed control J. Longworth |
3 | |
| Keynote Address: Biological control of weeds— Past, present
and future R. H. Groves |
7 | |
| Discussion: Should agents that attack native or other non-target
plants by used for biological weed control V. C. Moran and J. H. Hoffmann |
13 |
Chapter 2: Biological Control in Protected Natural Areas
| Opening Comments R. E. Crutwell McFadyen |
19 | |
| Cactoblastis cactorum: A successful weed control agent in
Caribbean, now a past in Florida? F. D. Bennett and D. H. Habeck |
21 | |
| Impact of Galerucella pusilla and G. calmariensis
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on field populations of purple loosestrife (Lythrum
salicaria) B. Blossey |
27 | |
| Biological control of alien plants in natural areas of Hawaii D. E. Gardner, C. W. Smith and G. P. Markin |
35 | |
| The suitability of stem—mining weevil, Apion immune
(Coleoptera: Apionidae), for biological control of broom (Cytisus scoparius) in New
Zealand (Abstract) H. M. Harman and P. Syrett |
41 | |
| Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in North America: The
problem—the solution—a long-term strategy for biological control (Abstract) S. D. Hight and R. A. Malecki |
43 | |
| The impact of seed- and pod-feeding insects on Cytisus scoparius J. R. Hosking |
45 | |
| A design for a release and monitoring programme of biological control
agents on purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria, in North America Abstract) M .M. P. Huso and P. B. McEvoy |
53 | |
| The impact of introduced heather on the invertebrate fauna: Implications
for biological control (Abstract) V. Keesing |
55 | |
| Vine-feeding insects of old man’s beard, Clematis vitalba, in
New Zealand R. P. Macfarlane and H. J. van den Ende |
57 | |
| Can a galll-forming rust furngus control an invasive tree(Abstract) M. J. Morris |
59 | |
| Selection of biological control agents for Chrysanthemoides monilifera,
a weed of protected natural areas in Australia J. K. Scott and R. J. Adair |
61 | |
| An environmental impact assessment for biological control of heather (Calluna
vulgaris) in New Zealand P. Syrett |
69 | |
| The biological control programme against Mimosa pigra in
Australia’s Northern Territory C. G. Wilson and I. W. Forno |
75 |
| Evolutionary history of pers-enemy associations L. E. Ehler |
83 | |
| Searching for weed biological control agents: When to move on? (Abstract) H. Muller-Scharer, T. M. Lewinsoghn and J. H. Lawton |
93 | |
| Are particular weeds more amenable to biological control? A reanalysis of
mode of reproduction and life history P. Chaboudez and A. W. Sheppard |
95 | |
| Predicting effectiveness: Fact and fantasy J.M. Cullen |
103 | |
| Progress and problems in introductory biological control of native weeds
in the United States C. J. DeLoach |
111 | |
| Is theory of any value in the practical selection of biological control
agents for weeds? (Abstract) G. B. Dennill |
123 | |
| The predictability of insect host plant utilization from feeding tests and
suggested improvements for screening weed biological control agents P. Harris and P. McEvoy |
125 | |
| The role of phylogenetically young taxa in formation of new weeds:
Coenotic regulations of the coevolution of phytophages O. V. Kovalev |
133 | |
| Picking the target: A revision of McClay’s scoring system to
determine the suitability of a weed for classical biological control D. P. Peschken and A. S. McClay |
137 | |
| Insect communities on Berkheya flower heads: A Southern Hemisphere
analogue for Cardueae (Asteraceae)\ M. Redfern and R. A. D. Cameron 145 |
145 | |
| Biological weed control: The plant-insect interaction N. R. Spencer 153 |
153 | |
| The role of plant dispersion pattern in the success and failure of
biological control N. A. Straw and A. W. Sheppard 161 |
161 | |
| Studies on a sexual stage associated with Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides f. sp. aesvhynomene (Abstract) D. O. TeBeest, C. R. Cisar nad F. W. Spiegal 171 |
171 | |
| The potential for asexual genetic exchange in Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides (Abstract) G. J. Weidemann, D. O. TeBeest, R. J. Chacko and J. C. Correll 173 |
173 | |
| Economics of Biological Control and Evaluating Agent Impact | ||
| Economics and the biological control of weeds G. Greer |
177 | |
| The biological control of Noogoora burr (Xanthium occidentale) in
Queensland: An economic perspective J. F. Chippendale |
185 | |
| Biological control of Sesbania punicea with Neodiplogrammus
quadrivittatus: predictions of limited success confounded(Abstract) J. H. Hoffman and V. C. Moran |
201 | |
| Biological control of Sesbania punicea with Trichaopion
lativentre: Diminished seed production reduces seedling recruitment but nor the
density of perennial weed (Abstract) J. H. Hoffmann and V. C. Moran |
203 | |
| Evaluating the impacy of Rhinocyllus conicus on Carduus nutans
in New Zealand D. Kelly and K. McCallum |
205 | |
| Beyond "before-and-after." Experimental design and evaluation in
classical weed biological control A. S. McClay |
213 | |
| Long-term studies and predictive models in the biological control of
diffuse knapweed J. H. Myers |
221 | |
| Eighty years of weed biological control in South Africa: What have we
learnt? (Abstract) V. C. Moran, and J. H. Hoffmann |
225 | |
| Colonisation of a stand of smooth tree pear, Opuntia vulgaris
(Cactaceae), by Dactylopius ceylonicus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) on the North Cost
of New South Wales, Australia P. R. Sullivan and J. R. Hosking |
227 | |
| Perspectives on biological control theory from skeletonweed rust (Puccinia
chondrillina) on rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea) in California (Abstract) D. M, Supkoff and J. J. Marois |
231 | |
| The establishment of Cyrtobagous salviniae in Malaysia for the
biological control of Salvinia molesta (Abstract) B.B. Baki, G.S.Lim, S.S. Sastroutomo, O. Yusof, I Mohd Ridzuan and M. H. Julien |
235 | |
| Australian insects as biological control agents for the submersed aquatic
weed, Hydrilla verticillata, in the USA J. K. Balciunas, M. F. Purcell and D. W. Burrows |
237 | |
| Australian insects for the biological control of the paperbark tree, Melaleuca
quinquenervia, a serious pest of Florida, USA, wetlands J. K. Balciunas, D. W. Burrows and M. F. Purcell |
247 | |
| The search in China for potential biological control agents for Eurasian
watermilfoil and Hydrilla (Abstract) J. K. Balciunas |
269 | |
| A comparison of waterhyacinth and waterlettuce: Growth strategies and
biological control in the United States (Abstract) T. D. Center and F. A. Dray, Jr. |
271 | |
| Is one biological control agent sufficient to control Pistia stratiotes?
(Abstract) C. J. Cilliers |
273 | |
| Control of Hydrilla verticillata in New Zealand lake using triploid
grass carp J. S. Clayton, P. D. Champion, and N. H. McCarter |
275 | |
| Release and establishment of insect biological control agents for Hydrilla
verticillata (Abstract) A. F. Cofrancesco, Jr. and T.D. Center |
287 | |
| Biological control of floating aquatic weeds in Botswana (Abstract) I. W. Forno and P. Smith |
289 | |
| The United States Department of Agriculture, Australian Biological Control
Laboratory (Abstract) M. F. Purcell, J. K. Balciunas and G. Bowman |
291 | |
| Biological control of the submerged fennel-leaved pondweed, Potamogeton
pectanatus (Potamogetonaceae), in South Africa (Abstract H. J. Schoonbee |
293 |
| Present status of biological control of European blackberry (Rubus
fruticosus aggregate) in Australia E. Bruzzese |
297 | |
| Biological control of gorse (Ulex europaeus) in New Zealand
(Abstract) R. L. Hill and A. H. Gourlay |
301 | |
| A New Zealand insect as a potential biological control agent of gorse
overseas P. W. Holder |
303 | |
| Biological control of Buddleia davidii (Abstract) M. Kay |
307 | |
| Failure in Hawaii of the sawfly, Priophorus morio (Hymenoptera:
Tenthredinidae), a biological control agent for Rubus argutus, due to a virus G. P. Markin and R. F. Nagata |
309 | |
| Current status of arthropods of the weed gorse, Ulex europaeus, in
California (Abstract) B. D. Perkins |
313 | |
| Field experiments in forest weed biological control R. E. Wall |
315 | |
| Potential role of wound pathogens in manual and mechanical control of
woody vegetation (Abstract) R. E. Wall |
319 | |
| Variation in Chondrosetereum purpureum, a potential mycoherbicide
for forest weeds (Abstract) R. E. Wall, S. F. Shamoun and A. Ekramoddoullah |
321 | |
| Status of biological control of gorse in Hawaii (Abstract) E. R. Yoshioka, R.E. Brown and G. P. Markin |
323 |
| Mycoherbicide for Xanthium spinosum (Abstract) B. A. Auld |
327 | |
| Release of Uromyces heliotropii in Australia: A key agent in the
integrated pest management system for common heliotrope E. S. Delfosse, R. C. Lewis and S. Hasan |
329 | |
| Biological control of Paterson’s curse: After the injunction
(Abstract) E. S. Delfosse and J. Moorhouse |
337 | |
| Persistent seed banks, plant fitness and their importance in the control
of annual weeds: A study of Echium plantagineum, a winter annual weed of
Mediterranean pasture G. J. Forrester |
339 | |
| Host-specificity of Uromyces heliotropii, a fungal agent for the
biological control of common heliotrope (Heliotropoim europaeum) in Australia
(Abstract) S. Hasan, E. S. Delfosse, E.Aracil and R. C. Lewis |
347 | |
| Biological control of the Noogoora burr complex with naturally occurring
fungi in Australia (Abstract) L. Morin, B. A. Auls, and J. F. Brown |
349 | |
| Survey for pathogens of Emex australis in South Africa R. G. Shival |
351 | |
| Implications of a preliminary survey on the biological control prospects
for the pasture and rangeland weed Bathurst burr, Xanthium spinosum, in Australia A. J. Wapshere, E. Erb, and L. Bunster |
355 | |
| Biennial Weeds | ||
| Seasonality in Longitarsus jaconaeae: Some implications for
biological control o ragwort D. Delpachitra and R. M. Emberson |
363 | |
| Isozyme patterns and susceptibility of North America forms of Chondrilla
juncea to European strains of the rust fungus, Puccinia chondrillina S. Hasan, P. Chaboudez, and C. Espiau |
367 | |
| Effectiveness of the gall mite, Eriophyes chondrillae, as a
biological control agent of rush skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea) seedlings K. M. Spollen and G. L. Piper |
375 | |
| Life history of Phrydiuchus tau associated with Mediterranean sage
in Idaho, USA L. M. Wilson and J. P. McCaffrey |
381 | |
| Thistles and Knapweeds | ||
| Host-specificity of the Palearctic weevil, Larinus curtis
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a natural enemy of Centaurea solstitialis (asteraceae:
Cardueae) L. Fornasari and C. E. Turner |
385 | |
| Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: A potential mycongerbicide for California
thistle, Cirsium arvense, control in permanent pastures? (Abstract) I. C. Harvey and G. Bourdot |
393 | |
| The effects of the crown weevil, Trichosirocalus horridus, on the
growth of nodding thistle, Carduus nutans T. M. Keown |
395 | |
| Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a potential biological control agent
for diffuse knapweed on dry rangelands in interior British Columbia K. Mortensen and E. J. Hogue |
397 | |
| Risk assessment of Puccinia jaceae for biological control of
starthistles and knapweeds (Abstract) N. Shishkoff and W. L. Bruckart |
403 | |
| Biological control of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis,
in North America C. E. Turner and L. Fornasari |
405 | |
| Release and establishment of the thistle-head weevil, Rhinocyllus
conicus, in Australia T. L. Woodburn and A. W. Sheppard |
415 | |
| Perennial Weeds | ||
| Rusts for the biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)
in North America A. N. G. Holden and P. G. Mahlberg |
419 | |
| Biological control of "Satan’s bush" (Solanum
elaeagnifolium): A leap of faith T. Olckers and H. G. Zimmerman |
425 | |
| Surveys of Solanum spp. In South America and their applications in
the biological control of Solanum weeds (Abstract) T. Olkers and P. E. Hulley |
429 | |
| The search for effective biological control agents in Europe. 2. Leafy and
cypress spurge (Abstract) D. Schroeder and A. Gassmann |
431 | |
| Shrubs | ||
| Heteropsylla sp. (Psyllidae) successfully controls pasture
infestations of Mimosa invisa within three years of release in Australia M. P. Ablin |
435 | |
| Pathogens attacking groundsel bush Rhinacloa callicrates
(Hemipteral: Miridae) for the biological control of Parkinsonia aculeata (Caesalpiniaceae)
in Australia (Abstract) G. P. Donnelly |
445 | |
| Biological control of Cassinia spp. (Asteracea) R. H. Holtkamp and M. H. Campbell |
447 | |
| Biological control of Sida acuta in Australia’s Northern
Territory (Abstract) C. G. Wilson and W. M. Lonsdale |
451 | |
| Two seed-feeding bruchids as part of an integrated approach for the
control of Prosopis spp., mesquite in South Africa (Abstract) H. G. Zimmermann |
453 | |
| Progress Reports | ||
| Biological control of weeds of importance to the wool industry in southern
Australia E. Bruzzese and J. M. Cullen |
457 | |
| The status of biological control of weeds in Oregon E. M. Coombs, D. L. Isaacson and R. B. Hawkes |
463 | |
| The biological control of Chromolaena odorata in South Africa: A progress
report (Abstract) R. L. Kluge, M. J. Morris and P. M. Caldwell |
473 | |
| An overview of federal research on biological control of weeds in the Northern Plains
area of the United States of America (Abstract) P. C. Quimby, Jr. |
475 | |
| Some problem weeds in tropical and sub-tropical Australia and prospects for biological
control using fungal pathogens A. J. Tomley and H. C. Evans |
477 | |
| Controlled environment assessment of a Colletotrichem strain as a
mycoherbicide for pitted morning glory control (Abstract) D. K. Cartwright and G. E. Templeton |
485 | |
| Host range and evaluation of an isolate of Exserohilum turcicum on
some populations of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) P. Del Serrone and L. Fornasar |
487 | |
| Present status of the biological control programme for the graminaceous
weed Rottboellia cochinchinensis C. A. Ellison and H. C. Evans |
493 | |
| Basic data on the biological control of tropical weeds in the genus Sida
(Malvaceae): 1. Sida glaziovii M. A. Garcia, I. Boselli and S. H. Seike |
501 | |
| Allelopathic herbicide approach to biological control of weeds J. L. Gnanarethinam and R. M. Meenaskshi |
513 | |
| Evaluation of Aposphaeria amaranthi as a potential bioherbicide for
Amaranthus (Abstract) A. S. Mintz and G. J. Weidemann |
521 | |
| Effect of the mycoherbicide, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sp. Malvae,
on control of round-leaved mallow in strawberries (Abstract) K. Mortensen and R. M. D. Makowski |
523 | |
| Augmenting rusts and other obligate plant parasites for control of weeds
(Abstract) S. C. Phatak, W. L. Bruckart and R. Charudattan |
525 | |
| Pathogens attacking Striga hermonthica and their potential as
biological control agents A. A. Abbasher and J. Sauerborn |
527 | |
| Prospects for the biological control of Cyperus rotundus, purple
nutsedge, in Brazil (Abstract) C. A. D. Teixeira, E. G. Fontes, E. R. Sujii and G. Figueiredo |
535 |
| Pathogens | ||
| Pathogens-weed relationships: The practice and problems of host range
screening H. C. Evans |
539 | |
| A dual pathogen strategy for the biological control of groundsel, Senecio
vulgaris (Abstract) S. G. Hallett, N. D. Paul and P. G. Ayres |
553 | |
| Host range screening of Puiccinia abrupta var. partheniicola
for the biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus in Queensland A. N. Holde, A. Parker and A. J. Tomley |
555 | |
| Biology of Phomopsis emicis , a potential biocontrol agent for
spiny emex, Emex australis (Abstract) R. G. Shivas |
561 | |
| Arthropods | ||
| Lessons learned from studies of the insects associated with Ambrosiinae in
North America in relation to the biological control of weedy members of this group R. D. Goeden and W. A. Palmer |
656 | |
| Trophic interactions between Monzena, mesquite and a microbe:
Implications for host-specificity testing of insects of liguminous weeds (Abstract) J. P. Cuda, H. B. Johnson and C. R. Tischler |
575 | |
| Host searching behavior of the seed weevil, Melanterius ventralis:
Implications for the biological control of Acacia longifolia in South Africa (Abstract)
D. Donnelly |
577 | |
| The effect of multi-species herbivore on shoot growth in grose, Ulex
europaeus S. V. Fowler and D. Griffin |
579 | |
| Resources use by Apion aculeatum, a herbivore of inflorescences of Mimosa
pigra (Abstract) T. A. Heard |
585 | |
| Insect-induced changes in Chromolaena odorata J. McConnell, M. Marutani and R. Muniappan |
587 | |
| Co-evaluation of Siam weed, Chromolaena odorata, and its natural ememy, Pareuchaetes
pseudoinsulara R. Muniappan and M. MarutanI |
597 | |
| The herbivore community on Veratrum album (Lilliaceae) in Central Europe
(Abstract) U. Schaffner |
603 | |
| Host choice in the field in the genus Larinus (Coleptera: Curculionidae)
attacking Onopordum and Cynara (Asteraceae) (Abstract) Sheppard, A. W., D. T. Briese and I. Michalakis |
605 | |
| Biological control of weed extension programmes in New Zealand J. M. Grindell |
617 | |
| Conidiation environment influences fitness of the potential bioherbicide, Colletotrichum
truncatem M. A. Jackson, D. A. and R. J. Bothast |
621 | |
| Integration of seed-feeding insect and fungi for management of velvetleaf
(Abutilon theophasti) seed production R. J. Kremer |
627 | |
| Options for biological control of the parasitic weed Orobanche K. H. Linke, J. Sauerborn and M. C. Saxena |
633 | |
| Regulating microbial pest control agents in Canada: the first
mycoherbicide R. M. D. McFadyen |
649 | |
| Legislation and its administration in the approval of agents for
biological control in Australia R. Paton |
653 | |
| Use of pregelatinized starch and casamino acids to improve the efficacy of
Colletotrichum truncatum conidia produced in differing nutritional environments D. A. Schisler, M. A. Jackson, M. R. McGuire and R. J. Bothast |
659 | |
| Releases of insects as biological control agents: Their timing and stadium
for release, with reference to the Paterson’s curse leaf mining moth, Dialectica
scalariella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) R. C. H. Shepherd |
665 | |
| Use of an artificial diet for rearing the Mimosa clearwing moth, Camenta
mimosa (Abstract) C. S. Smith and C. G. Wilson |
675 |
| Fungal pathogens of weeds collected in the Brazilian tropics and
subtropics and their biological control potential R. W. Barreto and H. C. Evans |
679 | |
| Current status of the biological control of weeds in Brazil (Abstract) E. G. Fontes, C. A. S. Teixeira, C. S. S. Pires and E. R. Sujii |
693 | |
| Use of geographic information systems (GIS) distance measures in managed
dispersal of Apion fuscirostre for control of Scotch broom (Cytisus scopsrius) D. L. Isaacson, G. A Miller and E. M. Coombs |
695 | |
| Using CLIMEX to predict distribution of alligator weed and its potential
for biological control by the flea beetle, Agasicles hygrophila (Abstract) R. M. D. Makowskr and J. D. Miller |
703 | |
| The use of computer database during the foreign exploration phase of a
biological control programme W. A. Palmer |
705 | |
| Genetically designed biological pesticides D. C. Sands, R. V. Miller, E. J. Ford and K. A. Glass |
709 | |
| Author Index | 715 | |
| Appendix 1: Business Sessions | 721 | |
| Appendix 2: Participants | 723 | |
| Appendix 3: Symposium Photograph | 734 |