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IV International Symposium

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Preface ii
Table of Contents iii
Section I-General Considerations in Biological Control of Weeds
An Overview of Biological Control, with Particular Commentary on Biological Weed Control 3
A Management Procedure for the Introduction of biological Agents for Control of Weeds 13
Exploration for Organisms for Biological Control of Weeds 35
Considerations in Introducing Foreign Biotic Agents to Control Native Weeds of Rangelands 39
Shortcomings in the Classic Tests of Candidate Insects for the Biocontrol of Weeds 51
Some Observations on the Structure of Phytophagous Insects Communities:
The Implications for Biological Control		 57
Some Limitations of Weed Biocontrol in Tropical Crop Ecosystems in Colombia 74
Section II- Use of Insects as Biological Control Agents for Aquatic and Terrestrial Weed 83
Biological Control of Weeds: From Art to Science 85
Enhancement of Effect of Neochetina Eichhorniae for biological Control of Waterhyacinth 87
Interaction Between the Mottled Waterhyacinth Weevil, Neochetina eichorniae Warner, and the Waterhyacinth Mite, Orthogalumna terebrantis Wallwork 93
Habitat of Cardus nutans L. in Italy and Two Phytophagous Insects 98
Biological Control of Cardus thistles in Northeastern U. S. A. 101
Response of Carduus natans L. to infestation by Rhinocyllus conicus Froel.
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Mechanical Damage		 105
Possibilities for the Biological Control of Russian Thistles, Salsola spp. (Chenopodiaceae) 108
Coleophora spp. As Biological Control Agents against Russian Thistle 113
Evaluating the Success of the Programme for the Biological Control of Chondrilla Juncea L. 117
Studies of New Organisms in Iran for the Biological Control of Skeleton Weed (Chondrilla Juncea) 122
Effectiveness: A comparison of Prediction and Results During the Biological Control of Chondrilla 124
Natural Enemies of Strangler, Morrenia odorata, and Two Closely Related Species, M. brachystephana and Araujia hortorum in Uruguay 128
Biological Control of Puncturevine, Tribulus terrestris(Zygophyllaceae):
Post Introduction Collection Records of Microlarinus spp.
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)		 132
Major Phytophagous Insects of Selected Weeds in Virginia 137
The Initiation of Biological Control for Emex spp. in Australia 141
Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.): A Case of Augmentation 145
The Evaluation of Biocontrol Agents with Particular reference to Two Hispine Beetles Established on Lantana camara in Australia 152
Cinnabar Moth as A Biological Control of Tansy Ragwort: Comparison of Population Dynamics in England and Oregon 155
Interactions Between the Cinnabar Moth and Tansy Ragwort 159
Reproductive Biology of Tansy Ragwort, Climate and Biological Control by the Cinnabar Moth in Canada 163
Interaction Between the Cinnabar Moth, Tyria Jacobaeae L. (Lep.: Arctiidae)
And Ragwort, Senecio Jacobaea L. (Compositae) inCanada		 174
Biological Control Introductions as Grandiose Field Experiments: Adaptations of the Cinnabar Moth to New Surroundings 181
The Role of biological Agents in Integrated Control of Tansy Ragwort 193
Section III- Use of Plant Pathogens as Biological Control Agents for Aquatic and Terrestrial Weeds 199
Status of the Use of Plant Pathogens in the Biological Control of Weeds 201
The Potential of Cercospora Rodmanii as Biological Control For Waterhyacinths 207
Uredo Eichhorniae, a Potential Biocontrol Agent for Waterhyacinth 210
Development of a Endemic Fungal Pathogen as a Maycoherbicide for Biocontrol of Northern Jointvetch in Rice 214
Cephalosporium wilt of Cassia Surattensis in Hawaii 217
The Biological Control of Russian Knapweed with a Nematode 221
Biological Control of Milkweed Vine in Florida Citrus Groves with a Pathotype of Phytophthora
Citrophthora		 224
Section IV- Use of Other Biotic Agents for Biological Control of Aquatic and Terrestrial Weeds
Terrestrial Weeds 243
Status of Biotic Agents, other than Insects or Pathogens, as Biocontrol 245
The Grass-Carp, its effects and side-effects 251
Utilization of Duckweed by the With Amur 257
Biocontrol of Aquatic Plant Growth in Earthen Ponds by the White Amur
(Ctenopharyngodon idella Val)		 261
Some Aspects of the Environmental Impact of the White Amur
[Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.) in Florida, and Its Use for Aquatic Weed Control		 269
Naturally Occurring Antagonistic Relationships Among Aquatic Plants That May Be Useful in Their Management 290
The Potential Use of Eriophyoid Mites for Control of Weeds 294
Participants 297

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